TITLE

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Financing through one Eemi-formal Eector Bank and Five Formal Sector Banks to create Entrepreneurs: An Empirical Study

AUTHORS

Nawazeesh Muhammad Ali¹

Wanakiti Wanasilp²

ABSTRACT

Small and medium enterprises are a pivotal key to the socio-political-economic development of developing countries like Bangladesh. Today SMEs contribute to lump sum of Bangladeshi exports contributing to higher national income. SMEs have also reduced poverties through creating job opportunities in the country. Thus, it is crucial to study the financing and investment on the SMEs through both the semi-informal sector such as Grameen Bank a non-scheduled bank and formal sector which includes a number of scheduled commercial banks offering SME banking facilities. Research question of the study is whether Grameen Bank and commercial banks through financing SME sector can help to attain financial deepening to create entrepreneurs which in turn reduce poverty in Bangladesh? The study has chosen Grameen Bank and five commercial banks and used quantitative analysis to see their impacts on the socio-political-economic development in Bangladesh by creating entrepreneurs through SME financing. As such empirical analysis through econometric methods are being used. Results were found mostly to be significant, thus both the formal and semi-formal sectors are successful in developing the nation through entrepreneurship creation by SME financing. There ae wider scope to develop SME sector in Bangladesh through appropriate financing to create entrepreneurs thus reducing poverty as suggested by the authors.

Keywords: SME financing, Poverty reduction, financial sector, Development Economics, Political Economics, Entrepreneurship, Grameen Bank, Commercial Bank, Women Empowerment, Econometric methods, Economic growth
JEL classifications: C4, G21, O1, O17, 047, P0, P36.

¹PhD Researcher, International Political Economy and Development (IPED), Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand and corresponding author email: [email protected].

²Assistant Professor, International Political Economy and Development (IPED), Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand email: [email protected]

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TITLE

A Study on Employees’ Perception towards Contractual Employment in the Manufacturing Industry in India

AUTHOR

Imran Ali^*

ABSTRACT

Unemployment is a major challenge for any economy especially post-COVID-19. Almost all countries are facing a major challenge that how they can increase employment in their economies. Unemployment impact purchasing power and demand in a country. However, contract employment has increased exponentially in several manufacturing organizations and people can find short-duration employment easily. This study examines employees’ perceptions of contractual employment. The sample size for this study is 240. These 240 employees are working in micro, small and medium-level enterprises in Delhi and NCR. The main finding of this study is that employees are more satisfied in permanent jobs as compared to contractual jobs.

Keywords: Employment, Jobs, Contract, Satisfaction, Manufacturing Companies.
JEL Code: E24

¹Assistant Professor, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, [email protected]

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TITLE

An Analysis of Health Disparities in India with Special Reference to Odisha

AUTHORS

Prof. (Dr.) Usha Kamilla¹

Prof. (Dr.) Divya Gupta²

ABSTRACT

WHO’s Thirteenth General Programme of Work 2019−2023 & the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal 3, call on all stakeholders to ensure healthy living. The study portrays ‘health inequality’ in India with special reference to Odisha, ending up with a district-level study of health inequality in Odisha. On the basis of Economic Survey of Odisha 2021-22 data, a comparative analysis of key health indicators like Infant Mortality Rate, Maternal Mortality Rate, Crude Death Rate & Crude Birth Rate of India, Odisha & other states has been made to understand how Odisha fares amongst states & with India. Further, the inter --district comparison of health status, on the basis of selected health indicators, reveals better performing & poor performing districts of Odisha, for the year 2018. The empirical results segregate the high health inequality districts and call for public investments in health and monitoring effectiveness of health programs in those districts.

Keywords: Infant Mortality Rate, Maternal Mortality Rate, Crude Death Rate, Crude Birth Rate & Total Fertility Rate.
JEL Code:I15

¹Professor (Economics), Institute of Management & Information Science, Bhubaneswar, email- [email protected]

²Associate Prof. (Finance), Institute of Management & Information Science, Bhubaneswar, email- [email protected]

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TITLE

Changing Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Growth of Entrepreneurship Development

AUTHORS

Dr.Shanmugam Sundararajan¹

Mr.Aliyu Mohammed²

ABSTRACT

Innovation is an important part of a business start-up process. Many new ventures grow around a creative idea or a decision to put to the market a new company model. Spontaneously, some revolutionary innovations arise, but most commonly, they emerge out of a deliberately designed and organized phase of invention. They will need a detailed strategic strategy to bring one’s designs to fruition, as well as funding to help users design, test and sell the inventions. To limit working expenses, further develop execution, increment deals and upgrade client assistance, numerous associations utilize man-made reasoning (artificial intelligence) advancements. To get the most out of smart technology, businesses should think about incorporating everything from artificial learning to natural language processing into their products and systems. However, new AI-savvy businesses will also benefit greatly.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, AI, Innovation, Startup, Smart Entrepreneurship, SMART, Business.
JEL Code: M1 & M15

¹ Assistant Professor in Business Management, Skyline University Nigeria, Kano, Nigeria-700225, email id: [email protected]

² Lecturer in Business Management, Skyline University Nigeria, Kano, Nigeria-700225, email id: [email protected]

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